A Stargazer Cheatsheet

table

stargazer

package

Published

October 18, 2024

1 Dataset: dplyr and nycflights13

Setting up a dataset for this cheatsheet allows me to spotlight two recent R packages created by Hadley Wickham. The first, dplyr, is a set of new tools for data manipulation. Using dplyr, I will extract flights and weather data from another new package called nycflights13. With this data I will show how to estimate a couple of regression models and nicely format the results into tables with stargazer.

Note: stargazer v. 5.1 does not play nicely with dplyr’s tbl_df class. As a temporary work-around I pipe the merged dataset to data.frame.

Code

library("dplyr")
library("nycflights13")
library("AER") # Applied Econometrics with R
library("stargazer")

daily <- flights %>%
  filter(origin == "EWR") %>%
  group_by(year, month, day) %>%
  summarise(delay = mean(dep_delay, na.rm = TRUE))

daily_weather <- weather %>%
  filter(origin == "EWR") %>%
  group_by(year, month, day) %>%
  summarise(temp   = mean(temp, na.rm = TRUE),
            wind   = mean(wind_speed, na.rm = TRUE),
            precip = sum(precip, na.rm = TRUE))

# Merge flights with weather data frames
both <- inner_join(daily, daily_weather) %>% 
  data.frame()  # Temporary fix

# Create an indicator for quarter
both$quarter <- cut(both$month, breaks = c(0, 3, 6, 9, 12), 
                                labels = c("1", "2", "3", "4"))

# Create a vector of class logical
both$hot <- as.logical(both$temp > 85)

head(both)

We can use the both data frame to estimate a couple of linear models predicting the average delay out of Newark controlling for the weather. The first model will use only the weather variables and in the second I’ll add dummy variables indicating the quarter. I also estimate a third model, using using the ivreg command from package AER to demonstrate output with mixed models. The raw R output:

Code

output  <- lm(delay ~ temp + wind + precip, data = both)
output2 <- lm(delay ~ temp + wind + precip + quarter, data = both)

# Instrumental variables model 
output3 <- ivreg(delay ~ temp + wind + precip | . - temp + hot, data = both)

summary(output)


Call:
lm(formula = delay ~ temp + wind + precip, data = both)

Residuals:
    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
-47.164  -8.150  -3.148   4.667  70.493 

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept)  6.15166    2.98897   2.058   0.0403 *  
temp         0.07905    0.03933   2.010   0.0452 *  
wind         0.28523    0.15741   1.812   0.0708 .  
precip      15.25495    2.01280   7.579 2.98e-13 ***
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Residual standard error: 12.82 on 360 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:  0.1541,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.147 
F-statistic: 21.86 on 3 and 360 DF,  p-value: 5.003e-13

Code

summary(output2)


Call:
lm(formula = delay ~ temp + wind + precip + quarter, data = both)

Residuals:
    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
-47.458  -8.086  -3.294   4.542  69.426 

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept)  5.24570    3.41233   1.537   0.1251    
temp         0.16433    0.06628   2.479   0.0136 *  
wind         0.23710    0.15733   1.507   0.1327    
precip      14.84493    2.00409   7.407 9.38e-13 ***
quarter2    -2.06050    2.57919  -0.799   0.4249    
quarter3    -6.75538    3.12100  -2.164   0.0311 *  
quarter4    -4.40842    2.03707  -2.164   0.0311 *  
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Residual standard error: 12.72 on 357 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:  0.1747,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.1608 
F-statistic: 12.59 on 6 and 357 DF,  p-value: 6.823e-13

Code

summary(output3)


Call:
ivreg(formula = delay ~ temp + wind + precip | . - temp + hot, 
    data = both)

Residuals:
    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
-47.100  -8.386  -3.451   4.613  69.801 

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept)   8.5765     8.7968   0.975    0.330    
temp          0.0412     0.1350   0.305    0.760    
wind          0.2501     0.1980   1.263    0.207    
precip       15.3351     2.0338   7.540 3.86e-13 ***
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Residual standard error: 12.84 on 360 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-Squared: 0.1519, Adjusted R-squared: 0.1449 
Wald test: 20.49 on 3 and 360 DF,  p-value: 2.788e-12

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2 Quick notes

Since I’m using knitr and R markdown to create this webpage, in the code that follows I will include the stargazer option type = "html". stargazer is set to produce LaTeX output by default. If you desire LaTeX output, just remove the type option from the code below.

Also, while I have added an example for many of the available stargazer options, I have not included all of them. So while you’re likely to find a relevant example don’t assume if it’s not listed that stargazer can’t do it. Check the documentation for additional features and updates to the package. It is often the case that an omitted argument is specific for LaTeX output and I can’t demonstrate it here.

2.1 HTML formatting

It is possible to change the formatting of html tables generated with stargazer via an html style sheet. See the R Markdown documentation about incorporating a custom CSS.

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3 The default summary statistics table

Code

stargazer(both, type = "html")


Statistic	N	Mean	St. Dev.	Min	Max

year	364	2,013.000	0.000	2,013	2,013
month	364	6.511	3.445	1	12
day	364	15.679	8.784	1	31
delay	364	15.080	13.883	-1.349	97.771
temp	364	55.531	17.598	15.455	91.085
wind	364	9.464	4.398	2.637	56.388
precip	364	0.121	0.335	0.000	3.710
hot	364	0.022	0.147	0	1

When supplied a data frame, by default stargazer creates a table with summary statistics. If the summary option is set to FALSE then stargazer will instead print the contents of the data frame.

Code

# Use only a few rows
both2 <- both %>% slice(1:6)

stargazer(both2, type = "html", summary = FALSE, rownames = FALSE)


year	month	day	delay	temp	wind	precip	quarter	hot

2,013	1	1	17.484	36.819	13.234	0	1	FALSE
2,013	1	2	25.323	28.700	10.884	0	1	FALSE
2,013	1	3	8.450	29.578	8.583	0	1	FALSE
2,013	1	4	12.104	34.333	14.001	0	1	FALSE
2,013	1	5	5.696	36.560	9.398	0	1	FALSE
2,013	1	6	12.383	39.920	9.110	0	1	FALSE

3.1 Remove row and column names

Code

stargazer(both2, type = "html", summary = FALSE,
          rownames = FALSE,
          colnames = FALSE)


2,013	1	1	17.484	36.819	13.234	0	1	FALSE
2,013	1	2	25.323	28.700	10.884	0	1	FALSE
2,013	1	3	8.450	29.578	8.583	0	1	FALSE
2,013	1	4	12.104	34.333	14.001	0	1	FALSE
2,013	1	5	5.696	36.560	9.398	0	1	FALSE
2,013	1	6	12.383	39.920	9.110	0	1	FALSE

3.2 Change which statistics are displayed

In order to customize which summary statistics are displayed, change any of the the following (logical) parameters, nobs, mean.sd, min.max, median, and iqr.

Code

stargazer(both, type = "html", nobs = FALSE, mean.sd = TRUE, median = TRUE,
          iqr = TRUE)


Statistic	Mean	St. Dev.	Min	Pctl(25)	Median	Pctl(75)	Max

year	2,013.000	0.000	2,013	2,013	2,013	2,013	2,013
month	6.511	3.445	1	4	7	9.2	12
day	15.679	8.784	1	8	16	23	31
delay	15.080	13.883	-1.349	5.446	10.501	20.007	97.771
temp	55.531	17.598	15.455	40.114	56.356	71.647	91.085
wind	9.464	4.398	2.637	6.797	8.895	11.508	56.388
precip	0.121	0.335	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.030	3.710
hot	0.022	0.147	0	0	0	0	1

3.3 Change which statistics are displayed (a second way)

Code

stargazer(both, type = "html", summary.stat = c("n", "p75", "sd"))


Statistic	N	Pctl(75)	St. Dev.

year	364	2,013	0.000
month	364	9.2	3.445
day	364	23	8.784
delay	364	20.007	13.883
temp	364	71.647	17.598
wind	364	11.508	4.398
precip	364	0.030	0.335
hot	364	0	0.147

3.4 Remove logical variables in the summary statistics

stargazer reports summary statistics for logical variables by default (0 = FALSE and 1 = TRUE). To supress the reporting of logical vectors change summary.logical to FALSE. Note the stats for our vector hot are gone.

Code

stargazer(both, type = "html", summary.logical = FALSE)


Statistic	N	Mean	St. Dev.	Min	Max

year	364	2,013.000	0.000	2,013	2,013
month	364	6.511	3.445	1	12
day	364	15.679	8.784	1	31
delay	364	15.080	13.883	-1.349	97.771
temp	364	55.531	17.598	15.455	91.085
wind	364	9.464	4.398	2.637	56.388
precip	364	0.121	0.335	0.000	3.710

3.5 Flip the table axes

Code

stargazer(both, type = "html", flip = TRUE)


Statistic	year	month	day	delay	temp	wind	precip	hot

N	364	364	364	364	364	364	364	364
Mean	2,013.000	6.511	15.679	15.080	55.531	9.464	0.121	0.022
St. Dev.	0.000	3.445	8.784	13.883	17.598	4.398	0.335	0.147
Min	2,013	1	1	-1.349	15.455	2.637	0.000	0
Max	2,013	12	31	97.771	91.085	56.388	3.710	1

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4 The default regression table

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html")


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.039)	(0.066)

wind	0.285^*	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(2.037)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)


Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

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5 Change the style

stargazer includes several pre-formatted styles that imitate popular academic journals. Use the style argument.

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", style = "qje")


	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.039)	(0.066)

wind	0.285^*	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(2.037)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)

N	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Notes:	^***Significant at the 1 percent level.
	^**Significant at the 5 percent level.
	^*Significant at the 10 percent level.

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6 Labelling the table

6.1 Add a title; change the variable labels

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", 
          title            = "These are awesome results!",
          covariate.labels = c("Temperature", "Wind speed", "Rain (inches)",
                               "2nd quarter", "3rd quarter", "Fourth quarter"),
          dep.var.caption  = "A better caption",
          dep.var.labels   = "Flight delay (in minutes)")

**These are awesome results!**

	A better caption

	Flight delay (in minutes)
	(1)	(2)

Temperature	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.039)	(0.066)

Wind speed	0.285^*	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

Rain (inches)	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

2nd quarter		-2.060
		(2.579)

3rd quarter		-6.755^**
		(3.121)

Fourth quarter		-4.408^**
		(2.037)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)


Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

6.2 Exclude the dependent variable label or the model numbers

Note the dependent variable caption stays. To additionally remove the caption add dep.var.caption = "".

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", 
          dep.var.labels.include = FALSE,
          model.numbers          = FALSE)


	Dependent variable:


temp	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.039)	(0.066)

wind	0.285^*	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(2.037)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)


Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

6.3 Change the column names

To change the column names just supply a character vector with the new labels, as shown below.

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", column.labels = c("Good", "Better"))


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	Good	Better
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.039)	(0.066)

wind	0.285^*	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(2.037)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)


Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

6.4 Apply a label to more than one column

The option column.separate allows for assigning a label to more than one column. In this example I told stargazer to report each regression twice, for a total of four columns. Using column.separate, stargazer now applies the first label to the first two columns and the second label to the next two columns.

Code

stargazer(output, output, output2, output2, type = "html", 
          column.labels   = c("Good", "Better"),
          column.separate = c(2, 2))


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	Good		Better
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)

temp	0.079^**	0.079^**	0.164^**	0.164^**
	(0.039)	(0.039)	(0.066)	(0.066)

wind	0.285^*	0.285^*	0.237	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)	(0.157)	(0.157)

precip	15.255^***	15.255^***	14.845^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.013)	(2.004)	(2.004)

quarter2			-2.060	-2.060
			(2.579)	(2.579)

quarter3			-6.755^**	-6.755^**
			(3.121)	(3.121)

quarter4			-4.408^**	-4.408^**
			(2.037)	(2.037)

Constant	6.152^**	6.152^**	5.246	5.246
	(2.989)	(2.989)	(3.412)	(3.412)


Observations	364	364	364	364
R²	0.154	0.154	0.175	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.147	0.161	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

6.5 Model names

When the results from different types of regression models (e.g., “OLS”, “probit”) are displayed in the same table stargazer adds a row indicating model type. Remove these labels by including model.names = FALSE (not shown).

Code

stargazer(output, output2, output3, type = "html")


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	OLS		instrumental
			variable
	(1)	(2)	(3)

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**	0.041
	(0.039)	(0.066)	(0.135)

wind	0.285^*	0.237	0.250
	(0.157)	(0.157)	(0.198)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***	15.335^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)	(2.034)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(2.037)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246	8.577
	(2.989)	(3.412)	(8.797)


Observations	364	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175	0.152
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161	0.145
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)	12.839 (df = 360)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

6.6 Model names (again)

The example above shows the default behavior of stargazer is to display only one model name (and dependent variable caption) for adjacent columns with the same model type. To repeat these labels for all of the columns, do the following:

Code

stargazer(output, output2, output3, type = "html",
          multicolumn = FALSE)


	Dependent variable:

	delay	delay	delay
	OLS	OLS	instrumental
			variable
	(1)	(2)	(3)

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**	0.041
	(0.039)	(0.066)	(0.135)

wind	0.285^*	0.237	0.250
	(0.157)	(0.157)	(0.198)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***	15.335^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)	(2.034)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(2.037)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246	8.577
	(2.989)	(3.412)	(8.797)


Observations	364	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175	0.152
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161	0.145
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)	12.839 (df = 360)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

6.7 Add a custom row to the reported statistics

I use this example to show how to add a row(s), such as reporting fixed effects.

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html",
          add.lines = list(c("Fixed effects?", "No", "No"),
                           c("Results believable?", "Maybe", "Try again later")))


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.039)	(0.066)

wind	0.285^*	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(2.037)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)


Fixed effects?	No	No
Results believable?	Maybe	Try again later
Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

6.8 Include R object names

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", 
          object.names = TRUE)


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)
	output	output2

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.039)	(0.066)

wind	0.285^*	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(2.037)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)


Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

Back to table of contents

7 Change the default output

7.1 Report t-statistics or p-values instead of standard errors

Standard errors are reported by default. To report the t-statistics or p-values instead, see the report argument. Notice that I’ve used this option to move the star characters to the t-statistics instead of being next to the coefficients.

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html",
          report = "vct*")


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079	0.164
	t = 2.010^**	t = 2.479^**

wind	0.285	0.237
	t = 1.812^*	t = 1.507

precip	15.255	14.845
	t = 7.579^***	t = 7.407^***

quarter2		-2.060
		t = -0.799

quarter3		-6.755
		t = -2.164^**

quarter4		-4.408
		t = -2.164^**

Constant	6.152	5.246
	t = 2.058^**	t = 1.537


Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

7.2 Report confidence intervals

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html",
          ci = TRUE)


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.002, 0.156)	(0.034, 0.294)

wind	0.285^*	0.237
	(-0.023, 0.594)	(-0.071, 0.545)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(11.310, 19.200)	(10.917, 18.773)

quarter2		-2.060
		(-7.116, 2.995)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(-12.872, -0.638)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(-8.401, -0.416)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(0.293, 12.010)	(-1.442, 11.934)


Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

7.3 Adjust the confidence intervals

By default ci.level = 0.95. You may also change the character that separates the intervals with the ci.separator argument.

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html",
          ci = TRUE, ci.level = 0.90, ci.separator = " @@ ")


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.014 @@ 0.144)	(0.055 @@ 0.273)

wind	0.285^*	0.237
	(0.026 @@ 0.544)	(-0.022 @@ 0.496)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(11.944 @@ 18.566)	(11.548 @@ 18.141)

quarter2		-2.060
		(-6.303 @@ 2.182)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(-11.889 @@ -1.622)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(-7.759 @@ -1.058)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(1.235 @@ 11.068)	(-0.367 @@ 10.858)


Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

7.4 Robust standard errors (replicating Stata’s robust option)

If you want to use robust standard errors (or clustered), stargazer allows for replacing the default output by supplying a new vector of values to the option se. For this example I will display the same model twice and adjust the standard errors in the second column with the HC1 correction from the sandwich package (i.e. the same correction Stata uses).

I also need to adjust the F statistic with the corrected variance-covariance matrix (matching Stata’s results). Currently, this must be done manually (via add.lines) as stargazer does not (yet) have an option for directly replacing the F statistic.

Similar options exist to supply adjusted values to the coefficients, t-statistics, confidence intervals, and p-values. See coef, t, ci.custom, or p.

Code

library(sandwich)
library(lmtest)   # waldtest; see also coeftest.

# Adjust standard errors
cov1         <- vcovHC(output, type = "HC1")
robust_se    <- sqrt(diag(cov1))

# Adjust F statistic 
wald_results <- waldtest(output, vcov = cov1)

stargazer(output, output, type = "html",
          se        = list(NULL, robust_se),
          omit.stat = "f",
          add.lines = list(c("F Statistic (df = 3; 360)", "12.879***", "7.73***")))


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079^**	0.079^*
	(0.039)	(0.041)

wind	0.285^*	0.285
	(0.157)	(0.177)

precip	15.255^***	15.255^***
	(2.013)	(4.827)

Constant	6.152^**	6.152^**
	(2.989)	(3.074)


F Statistic (df = 3; 360)	12.879***	7.73***
Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.154
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.147
Residual Std. Error (df = 360)	12.822	12.822

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

7.5 Move the intercept term to the top of the table

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html",
          intercept.bottom = FALSE)


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.039)	(0.066)

wind	0.285^*	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(2.037)


Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

7.6 Compress the table output

We can condense the table output by placing all the the output on the same row. When single.row is set to TRUE, the argument no.space is automatically set to TRUE.

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html",
          single.row = TRUE)


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079^** (0.039)	0.164^** (0.066)
wind	0.285^* (0.157)	0.237 (0.157)
precip	15.255^*** (2.013)	14.845^*** (2.004)
quarter2		-2.060 (2.579)
quarter3		-6.755^** (3.121)
quarter4		-4.408^** (2.037)
Constant	6.152^** (2.989)	5.246 (3.412)

Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

Back to table of contents

8 Omit parts of the default output

In fixed effect model specifications it is often undesirable to report the fixed effect coefficients. To omit any coefficient, supply a regular expression to omit.

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", omit = "quarter")


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.039)	(0.066)

wind	0.285^*	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)


Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

8.1 Reporting omitted variables

Add the omit.labels parameter to report which variables have been omitted. Must be the same length as the number of regular expressions supplied to omit. By default omit.labels reports “Yes” or “No”. To change this supply a new vector of length 2 to omit.yes.no = c("Yes", "No").

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", 
          omit        = "quarter",
          omit.labels = "Quarter dummies?")


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.039)	(0.066)

wind	0.285^*	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)


Quarter dummies?	No	No

Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

8.2 Omit summary statistics

Code

## Remove r-square and f-statistic
stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", 
          omit.stat = c("rsq", "f"))


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.039)	(0.066)

wind	0.285^*	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(2.037)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)


Observations	364	364
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

See also keep.stat a related argument with the opposite behavior.

8.3 Omit whole parts of the table

If you just want to remove parts of the table it is easier to use omit.table.layout to explicitly specify table elements. See table layout chracters for a list of codes.

Code

# Remove statistics and notes sections completely
stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", 
          omit.table.layout = "sn")


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.039)	(0.066)

wind	0.285^*	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(2.037)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)

8.4 Omit whole parts of the table (a second way)

Another way to achieve the result above is through the argument table.layout. It also accepts a character string that tells stargazer which table elements to include.

Code

# Include everything except the statistics and notes sections
stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", 
          table.layout = "-ld#-t-")


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.039)	(0.066)

wind	0.285^*	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(2.037)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)

8.5 Omit the degrees of freedom

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", 
          df = FALSE)


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.039)	(0.066)

wind	0.285^*	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(2.037)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)


Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822	12.718
F Statistic	21.860^***	12.593^***

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

Back to table of contents

9 Statistical significance options

By default stargazer uses ***, **, and * to denote statistical significance at the one, five, and ten percent levels. This behavior can be changed by altering the star.char option.

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", 
          star.char = c("@", "@@", "@@@"))


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079^@@	0.164^@@
	(0.039)	(0.066)

wind	0.285^@	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

precip	15.255^@@@	14.845^@@@
	(2.013)	(2.004)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^@@
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^@@
		(2.037)

Constant	6.152^@@	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)


Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^@@@ (df = 3; 360)	12.593^@@@ (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

9.1 Change the cutoffs for significance

Notice that temperature, quarter3, and quarter4 have each lost a gold star because we made it tougher to earn them.

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", 
          star.cutoffs = c(0.05, 0.01, 0.001)) # star.cutoffs = NULL by default


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079^*	0.164^*
	(0.039)	(0.066)

wind	0.285	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^*
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^*
		(2.037)

Constant	6.152^*	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)


Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.05; p<0.01; p<0.001

Back to table of contents

10 Modifying table notes

10.1 Make an addition to the existing note section

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", 
          notes = "I make this look good!")


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.039)	(0.066)

wind	0.285^*	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(2.037)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)


Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01
	I make this look good!

10.2 Replace the note section

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", 
          notes        = "Sometimes you just have to start over.", 
          notes.append = FALSE)


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.039)	(0.066)

wind	0.285^*	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(2.037)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)


Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	Sometimes you just have to start over.

10.3 Change note alignment

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", 
          notes.align = "l")


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.039)	(0.066)

wind	0.285^*	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(2.037)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)


Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

10.4 Change the note section label

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", 
          notes.label = "New note label")


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.039)	(0.066)

wind	0.285^*	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(2.037)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)


Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

New note label	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

Back to table of contents

11 Table aesthetics

11.1 Use html tags to modify table elements

Code

# For LaTeX output you can also wrap table text in commands like \textbf{...}, 
# just remember to escape the first backslash, e.g., "A \\textbf{better} caption"

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", 
          title = "These are <em> awesome </em> results!",  # Italics
          dep.var.caption  = "A <b> better </b> caption")   # Bold

**These are *awesome* results!**

	A better caption

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.039)	(0.066)

wind	0.285^*	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(2.037)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)


Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

11.2 Change decimal character

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", 
          decimal.mark = ",")


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0,079^**	0,164^**
	(0,039)	(0,066)

wind	0,285^*	0,237
	(0,157)	(0,157)

precip	15,255^***	14,845^***
	(2,013)	(2,004)

quarter2		-2,060
		(2,579)

quarter3		-6,755^**
		(3,121)

quarter4		-4,408^**
		(2,037)

Constant	6,152^**	5,246
	(2,989)	(3,412)


Observations	364	364
R²	0,154	0,175
Adjusted R²	0,147	0,161
Residual Std. Error	12,822 (df = 360)	12,718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21,860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12,593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0,1; p<0,05; p<0,01

11.3 Control the number of decimal places

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", 
          digits = 1)


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.1^**	0.2^**
	(0.04)	(0.1)

wind	0.3^*	0.2
	(0.2)	(0.2)

precip	15.3^***	14.8^***
	(2.0)	(2.0)

quarter2		-2.1
		(2.6)

quarter3		-6.8^**
		(3.1)

quarter4		-4.4^**
		(2.0)

Constant	6.2^**	5.2
	(3.0)	(3.4)


Observations	364	364
R²	0.2	0.2
Adjusted R²	0.1	0.2
Residual Std. Error	12.8 (df = 360)	12.7 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.9^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.6^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

11.4 Additional decimal controls

You may also specify the number of additional decimal places to be used if a number, when rounded to digits decimal places, is equal to zero (Use argument digits.extra).

My example models do not have any numbers in the thousands, so I won’t show them, but digit.separate and digits.separator are also available for customizing the output of those characters.

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", 
          digits       = 1,
          digits.extra = 1)


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	0.1^**	0.2^**
	(0.04)	(0.1)

wind	0.3^*	0.2
	(0.2)	(0.2)

precip	15.3^***	14.8^***
	(2.0)	(2.0)

quarter2		-2.1
		(2.6)

quarter3		-6.8^**
		(3.1)

quarter4		-4.4^**
		(2.0)

Constant	6.2^**	5.2
	(3.0)	(3.4)


Observations	364	364
R²	0.2	0.2
Adjusted R²	0.1	0.2
Residual Std. Error	12.8 (df = 360)	12.7 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.9^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.6^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

11.5 Drop leading zeros from decimals

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", 
          initial.zero = FALSE)


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

temp	.079^**	.164^**
	(.039)	(.066)

wind	.285^*	.237
	(.157)	(.157)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(2.037)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)


Observations	364	364
R²	.154	.175
Adjusted R²	.147	.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

11.6 Change the order of the variables

The order argument will also accept a vector of regular expressions.

Code

stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", 
          order = c(4, 5, 6, 3, 2, 1))


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

quarter2		-2.060
		(2.579)

quarter3		-6.755^**
		(3.121)

quarter4		-4.408^**
		(2.037)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)

wind	0.285^*	0.237
	(0.157)	(0.157)

temp	0.079^**	0.164^**
	(0.039)	(0.066)

Constant	6.152^**	5.246
	(2.989)	(3.412)


Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

11.7 Select which variables to keep in the table

By default keep = NULL meaning all variables are included. keep accepts a vector of regular expressions.

Code

# Regex for keep "precip" but not "precipitation"
stargazer(output, output2, type = "html", 
          keep = c("\\bprecip\\b"))


	Dependent variable:

	delay
	(1)	(2)

precip	15.255^***	14.845^***
	(2.013)	(2.004)


Observations	364	364
R²	0.154	0.175
Adjusted R²	0.147	0.161
Residual Std. Error	12.822 (df = 360)	12.718 (df = 357)
F Statistic	21.860^*** (df = 3; 360)	12.593^*** (df = 6; 357)

Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

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12 Feedback

The .Rmd file for this cheatsheet is on GitHub and I welcome suggestions or pull requests.

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